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窦性心动过速
贫血甲亢和发热,心炎心衰和休克。
情绪激动和运动,肾上腺素心率过。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/aad5360e-ae68-42f0-87ae-c7388ea74947.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/bb546c6f-0f37-493a-8429-2b539865f7c9.jpg)
窦性心动过缓
颅内高压阻黄疸,甲低冠心心肌炎。
药物影响心得安,体质强壮心率缓。
两心音同时增强常人运动或激动,
两个心音同时增。
高血压病贫血症,甲亢发热亦相同。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/f6695f89-5d33-4487-aa56-2c97b58e31cd.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/ef37cb79-8de0-4a8c-8dbb-3b505f2423dc.jpg)
第一心音增强
二尖瓣窄“拍击性”,房室阻滞“大炮样”。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/3f87be71-e6c0-4903-b152-bc6a1ee790fd.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/beeb00c5-26eb-49de-8195-89a4adcbe470.jpg)
第二心音增强
P2增强二尖瓣窄,肺气肿和左心衰。
左右分流先心病,肺动脉压高起来,
动脉硬化亦常在。
第一心音减弱二主瓣膜不全闭,
心衰炎梗一音低。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/e674e05d-759f-45ff-8abf-45b3f53f6f5e.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/02a9274c-df19-4aa7-82e4-e7be35f3a0aa.jpg)
第二心音减弱
动脉瓣漏或狭窄,动脉压低二音衰。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/747df822-d41d-4887-a28b-bc98212862bd.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/8899358d-eb40-4402-af78-f765aa80ce81.jpg)
钟摆律
钟摆胎心律严重,心肌炎梗心肌病
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/4ee6a1f3-c33d-425d-926f-f4ae05f9c1e6.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/033fc42f-cd48-4da4-a1fe-f4547f1014ef.jpg)
第一心音分裂
肺动高压右心衰,机械延迟而形成。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/c487092f-c576-4c0f-b8b9-e40eb5f03237.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/72d6e0dc-88ad-47b8-b709-d29dc3ef6af5.jpg)
第二心音分裂
通常分裂有特点,最长见于青少年。
呼气消失吸明显。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/2a66cf71-794a-44db-9043-93407d3636ee.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/e5dcf920-f51b-46a0-a789-56f2b396dc50.jpg)
窦性心律不齐
窦性心律稍不齐,心音正常成周期。
吸气加快呼气慢,健康儿童菲疾病。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/a765a7e8-f20d-41a5-bc24-bc008235fc18.jpg)
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早搏
期前收缩称早搏,室性早搏为最多。
房性交界共三种,心电图上易分说。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/8f6726b8-a349-4a51-9d13-be03be68ca4f.jpg)
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心房颤动
强弱不等无规律,脉率定比心率低。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/31dd0a00-91d6-4e32-9fff-2c83254c1651.jpg)
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生理性杂音
生理杂音级别小,柔和吹风不传导。
时间较短无震颤,儿童多见要牢记。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/ab21ab2d-6c86-4084-a1d8-5604f5d3b255.jpg)
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二尖瓣关闭不全
二尖瓣漏有特点,粗糙吹风呈递减。
三级以上缩期占,左腋传导左卧清。
吸气减弱呼明显。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/3b202b1b-7910-4c96-b8f4-6687d656df18.jpg)
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二尖瓣狭窄
一音亢进P2强,开瓣音响伴震颤。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/06a23422-4f97-49c1-ae8f-1fefc7942727.jpg)
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主动脉狭窄
递增递减颈部传,A2减弱伴震颤。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/0251c099-1169-479f-95ca-15ed57badb09.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/acff4937-cb5b-49fa-b9fa-c5f9c51088ce.jpg)
主动脉瓣关闭不全
主瓣不全有特点,舒张叹气呈递减。
胸骨下左心尖传,二区较清前倾声。
呼末屏气易听见。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/2071931a-ce57-4b29-a904-17ec5742c93c.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/394c3581-50de-4614-b77e-437c6aa4c61a.jpg)
肺动脉瓣狭窄
肺瓣狭窄有特点,粗糙缩鸣属先天。
杂音递增又递减,P2减弱伴震颤。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/f54ec437-ad77-4473-95cd-765bd32ba5ca.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/f0ee97c7-fdf0-49c6-8cea-5dd86da1c7e6.jpg)
肺动脉瓣相对性关闭不全
肺瓣舒杂有特点,杂音多为相对性。
柔和吹风卧吸清,二尖瓣窄常合并。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/cbaabeb8-c4c7-453d-bde9-9c350bfaefab.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/809df846-aba6-42b7-9bc9-5ba42fb1cf7c.jpg)
三尖瓣相对性关闭不全
三尖瓣区有缩鸣,杂音性质似吹风。
多数相对关不全,极少数为器质性。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/6e11ad9d-b792-45c1-a58e-01dfc553114b.jpg)
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房间隔缺损
房缺杂音有特点,胸骨左缘二肋间。
缩期杂音吹风般,P2分裂多无颤。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/613cb0ef-1d1e-41f6-b081-e0524d366820.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/16b241f8-ff62-49c3-85ab-a98817d78f26.jpg)
室间隔缺损
室缺杂音有特点,胸骨左缘三四间。
响亮粗糙缩鸣音,常伴收缩期震颤。
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/9d743b19-062e-4e5d-9219-1c558b5c59d5.jpg)
![掌握口诀,心脏听诊不是难题!](https://img-a.haoyishu.com/article/content/8114/8231dca2-4ef3-4294-b537-4bfe7734c7d5.jpg)
动脉导管未闭
连续杂音有特征,粗糙类似机器声。
动脉导管未闭时,胸左二肋附近听。
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